The Vgod ransomware, first identified by CYFIRMA researchers on February 5, 2025, has quickly become a critical cybersecurity threat. Targeting Windows systems, this new strain combines file encryption with double extortion tactics, demanding ransoms under the threat of both data loss and leaks. Upon infection, Vgod encrypts files using a hybrid cryptographic approach—AES-256 for file encryption and RSA-4096 for key protection. Infected files receive the “.Vgod” extension, making them inaccessible to victims. Additionally, the malware appends victim-specific information to file names, making each attack unique and increasing the pressure on victims.
One of the distinct features of Vgod ransomware is its psychological manipulation of victims. In addition to encrypting files, the ransomware changes the victim’s desktop wallpaper to a ransom note, demanding payment to unlock their files. This method ensures that the attack cannot be easily ignored. Vgod also leaves behind a traditional ransom note in the form of a “Decryption Instructions.txt” file, which instructs victims on how to pay the ransom in cryptocurrency to avoid the publication of their stolen data on dark web forums.
Vgod employs several advanced technical mechanisms to evade detection and maintain persistence.
These include process injection to execute malicious PowerShell commands, DLL side-loading to bypass application whitelisting, and registry modification to disable security tools. Furthermore, Vgod ensures its persistence through techniques such as installing a bootkit to survive reboots, scheduling tasks for periodic execution, and using compromised RDP credentials for network propagation. These methods make it difficult for security tools to detect and remove the malware.
The attack is consistent with the broader trend seen in 2024’s surge of ransomware incidents, where 63% of cases involved double extortion tactics. Vgod’s infrastructure shares similarities with other Russian-aligned ransomware groups, including CyberVolk, and is believed to incorporate leaked Babuk ransomware code components. Experts like CYFIRMA recommend that organizations implement strict security measures, such as application allowlisting, multi-factor authentication for remote access, and frequent air-gapped backups to protect against ransomware attacks. Regular patch management, especially for virtualization platforms like VMware ESXi, is also advised to prevent vulnerabilities from being exploited.
