Overview
In June 2024, a critical unauthenticated XML External Entity (XXE) vulnerability, identified as CVE-2024-34102, was discovered in Adobe Commerce and Magento platforms. This severe security flaw, named CosmicSting, has raised substantial concerns within the cybersecurity community due to its potential for severe exploitation. The vulnerability affects versions 2.4.6 and earlier of Adobe Commerce and Magento, impacting a significant number of online stores worldwide. The flaw arises from improper handling of nested deserialization processes, allowing remote attackers to execute arbitrary code and potentially compromise entire systems.
The vulnerability’s root cause lies in Magento’s handling of XML data during the deserialization of JSON inputs. Attackers can exploit this by crafting malicious payloads that leverage XML External Entities to access sensitive server files or execute unauthorized actions. This can lead to unauthorized access to critical APIs, data breaches, and system compromises, making CVE-2024-34102 a particularly dangerous threat. The ability to exfiltrate sensitive information, such as authentication keys from configuration files, highlights the severe risks associated with this vulnerability.
The impact of CosmicSting is far-reaching, with estimates indicating that over 140,000 Magento instances could be affected globally. Security researchers have identified that around 75% of Adobe Commerce stores might be vulnerable, with more than 54,200 services exposed to potential exploitation. The vulnerability’s exploitation can be exacerbated when chained with other vulnerabilities, leading to remote code execution and further system compromise.
Targets
Information.
How they operate
At its core, CosmicSting is known for its use of highly specialized malware designed to infiltrate and compromise high-value targets. The malware is typically delivered through spear-phishing campaigns, where meticulously crafted emails or messages are used to lure victims into executing malicious attachments or clicking on malicious links. Once executed, CosmicSting’s primary payload is installed on the victim’s system, initiating a series of actions aimed at establishing a foothold and maintaining persistence.
One of the defining features of CosmicSting is its use of sophisticated evasion techniques to avoid detection. The malware often employs custom encryption and obfuscation methods to mask its activities from security solutions and forensic analysis. This includes encrypting its communications with command and control (C2) servers and using legitimate processes and services to carry out its functions covertly. These techniques are designed to make detection challenging and extend the malware’s operational lifespan within the targeted environment.
CosmicSting’s operational framework also includes advanced data exfiltration capabilities. Once inside a network, the malware can stealthily gather sensitive information, such as intellectual property, confidential communications, and strategic documents. The exfiltration process is carefully managed to avoid raising suspicion, often employing encrypted channels to transmit stolen data back to the attackers. Additionally, the malware can create and maintain backdoors, allowing persistent access for ongoing surveillance and data collection.
In summary, CosmicSting exemplifies the evolution of cyber espionage tools, combining advanced infection vectors, sophisticated evasion techniques, and powerful data exfiltration capabilities. Its operation reflects a high level of technical proficiency and strategic planning, aimed at achieving long-term access and intelligence gathering within targeted organizations. As cybersecurity professionals continue to combat such advanced threats, understanding the operational mechanics of CosmicSting is crucial for developing effective countermeasures and protecting sensitive information from sophisticated adversaries.
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