Chinese threat actors have increasingly adopted Operational Relay Box (ORB) Networks to evade detection and obscure their origins, complicating traditional cybersecurity defenses. These networks utilize compromised devices and rented servers to create a constantly shifting pool of IP addresses, making it difficult for defenders to block attacker IPs or attribute malicious activities. ORB Networks, managed by private companies or entities within the Chinese government, are multi-layered and vast, often consisting of hundreds of thousands of nodes.
The geographic distribution of ORBs allows attackers to bypass regional restrictions and appear less suspicious. ORB nodes are typically short-lived, cycling in and out frequently, further complicating efforts to track and attribute malicious activities. Researchers from Mandiant highlight the sophistication of these networks, citing examples such as ORB3/SPACEHOP and ORB2/FLORAHOX, which demonstrate the complex, multi-layered approaches used by threat actors.
To effectively counter the threat of ORB Networks, researchers advise defenders to consider the temporality, multiplicity, and ephemerality of these networks. Traditional methods of blocking adversary infrastructure are insufficient; instead, defenders must analyze the evolving characteristics, behaviors, and tactics of these networks. By focusing on infrastructure patterns and threat behaviors, cybersecurity teams can gain valuable insights and develop more effective defenses.
The rise of ORB Networks signifies a significant investment in sophisticated tactics and tools by Chinese cyber operators. To combat this growing threat, enterprises must adopt a mindset of continuous adaptation, investing in advanced threat intelligence, behavioral analysis tools, and skilled personnel to stay ahead of these evolving threats.
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